Antibody or immunoglobulin are defensive proteins released by immune system of higher organism when immune cells are exposed to presence of antigen in body. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins realised by B cells in response to foreign body invasion. The general structure of all the antibodies remains similar but a small region at the tip of the antibody is highly variable enabling the antibody to bind with antigen of numerous possibilities leading to existence of millions of antibodies.
The antibodies are of two types: Primary and Secondary antibody. The primary antibody binds to the antigen directly. This antibody have speciality of variable region which recognizes an antigen epitope. The body producing antibody is called host. On the other hand Secondary antibodies are produced against primary antibodies in a host which is different to host of primary antibody. The V region of primary antibody binds to antigen whereas the V region of the secondary antibody binds to C region of primary antibody.
On the basis of clonality antibodies are of two types polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by different B cell lineages. These antibodies react against a specific antigen but bind to different epitopes. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by identical immune cells, clones of unique parent cell. Antibodies monoclonal is nature have monovalent affinity for binding the same epitope. The commercial advantage of the polyclonal antibodies is low production cost and short antigen preparation to antibody extraction time.
The antibody may have reactivity to single species or multiple species. The most common species reactivity seeked in labs are human, mouse and rat. Other species to which antibodies available with us include Algae, Amoeba, Amphibians, Archaea, Avian, Bacteria, Beluga, Bird, Bovine, Camel, Cat, Cattle, Worm, Yeast and many more.
Every antibody has suitability to a lab application. Commercially available antibodies are validated by manufacturer for various applications to help user. The most common applications of antibodies in lab include Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA Kits), Flow Cytometry (FCM) /FACS, Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Radioimmunoassay (RIA) etc. beside other applications as Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI), Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), Later Flow (LF), SDS-PAGE and others.
The success of any experiment depends on the right selection & correct usage of antibody. Please contact Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies distributor in Delhi, India at support@clementiabiotech.com to help you select the right antibody for your experiment and provide you price quotation.
